Individual Arrested and Charged with Operating Notorious Darknet Cryptocurrency "Mixer"
2021-04-28 · Press release
WASHINGTON - A dual Russian-Swedish national was arrested Tuesday at Los Angeles International Airport on criminal charges related to his alleged operation of the longest-running bitcoin money laundering service on the darknet.
According to court documents, Roman Sterlingov, 32, operated Bitcoin Fog since 2011. Bitcoin Fog was the longest-running cryptocurrency “mixer,” gaining notoriety as a go-to money laundering service for criminals seeking to hide their illicit proceeds from law enforcement. Over the course of its decade-long operation, Bitcoin Fog moved over 1.2 million bitcoin – valued at approximately $335 million at the time of the transactions. The bulk of this cryptocurrency came from darknet marketplaces and was tied to illegal narcotics, computer fraud and abuse activities, and identity theft.
Sterlingov is charged by complaint with money laundering, operating an unlicensed money transmitting business, and money transmission without a license in the District of Columbia.
Acting Assistant Attorney General Nicholas L. McQuaid of the Justice Department’s Criminal Division; Acting U.S. Attorney Channing D. Phillips of the District of Columbia; Acting Special Agent in Charge Darrell J. Waldon of IRS-Criminal Investigation (IRS-CI); and Assistant Director in Charge Steven M. D’Antuono of the FBI’s Washington Field Office made the announcement.
The IRS-CI District of Columbia Cyber Crime Unit and the FBI Washington Field Office are investigating the case. Essential support was provided by Excygent; the IRS-CI Los Angeles Field Office, Van Nuys Post of Duty; FBI Los Angeles Field Office; Homeland Security Investigations; Customs and Border Patrol; the U.S. Attorneys’ Offices for the Central District of California, Northern District of California, and Southern District of New York; and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the U.S. Department of Treasury. The Department of Justice’s Office of International Affairs provided invaluable assistance, as did Europol; the Swedish Economic Crime Authority, the Swedish Prosecution Authority, and the Swedish Police; and the General Inspectorate of Romanian Police, Directorate for Combatting Organized Crime and the Directorate for Investigating Organized Crime and Terrorism.
Trial Attorney C. Alden Pelker of the Criminal Division’s Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section and Assistant U.S. Attorney Christopher B. Brown of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia are prosecuting the case, with assistance from Paralegal Specialist Chad Byron. Former Assistant U.S. Attorneys Youli Lee and Zia Faruqui made invaluable contributions during their tenures on the case team. The team also appreciates the previous support of Trial Attorney S. Riane Harper of the Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section; Paralegal Specialist Kenny Nguyen; former Paralegal Specialists Toni Anne Donato and Bianca Evans; and former Assistant U.S. Attorney Allen O’Rourke over the course of this long-running investigation.
- district_office
- District of Columbia
- usa_name
- Channing D. Phillips
- event_type
- indictment
- judge_name
- judge_title
- case_number
- max_penalty_text
- sentence_summary
- money_amounts
- $335 million
- crypto_assets
- BTC
- statutes_json
- timeline_json
- press_release_url
- https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/individual-arrested-and-charged-operating-notorious-darknet-cryptocurrency-mixer
- extras_json
| participant_id | name | role | title | organization | location | age | nationality | status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 | Roman Sterlingov | defendant | 32 | Russian-Swedish | indicted | |||
| 1919 | Nicholas L. McQuaid | Assistant Attorney General | Acting Assistant Attorney General | Justice Department’s Criminal Division | Washington, D.C. | |||
| 1920 | Channing D. Phillips | U.S. Attorney | Acting U.S. Attorney | U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia | Washington, D.C. | |||
| 1921 | Darrell J. Waldon | Special Agent in Charge | Acting Special Agent in Charge | IRS-Criminal Investigation | District of Columbia | |||
| 1922 | Steven M. D’Antuono | Assistant Director in Charge | Assistant Director in Charge | FBI’s Washington Field Office | Washington, D.C. | |||
| 1923 | C. Alden Pelker | Trial Attorney | Trial Attorney | Criminal Division’s Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section | Washington, D.C. | |||
| 1924 | Christopher B. Brown | Assistant U.S. Attorney | Assistant U.S. Attorney | U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia | Washington, D.C. | |||
| 1925 | Chad Byron | Paralegal Specialist | Paralegal Specialist | U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia | Washington, D.C. | |||
| 1926 | Youli Lee | Assistant U.S. Attorney | Assistant U.S. Attorney | U.S. Attorney’s Office | ||||
| 1927 | Zia Faruqui | Assistant U.S. Attorney | Assistant U.S. Attorney | U.S. Attorney’s Office | ||||
| 1928 | S. Riane Harper | Trial Attorney | Trial Attorney | Criminal Division’s Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section | Washington, D.C. | |||
| 1929 | Kenny Nguyen | Paralegal Specialist | Paralegal Specialist | U.S. Attorney’s Office | ||||
| 1930 | Toni Anne Donato | Paralegal Specialist | Paralegal Specialist | U.S. Attorney’s Office | ||||
| 1931 | Bianca Evans | Paralegal Specialist | Paralegal Specialist | U.S. Attorney’s Office | ||||
| 1932 | Allen O’Rourke | Assistant U.S. Attorney | Assistant U.S. Attorney | U.S. Attorney’s Office |
| agency_id | agency_name | abbreviation | role | office_location | agents_mentioned | contribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1205 | Directorate for Investigating Organized Crime and Terrorism | support | Provided assistance |
| charge_id | charge_description | statute | severity | max_penalty | fine_amount | defendant | status | participant_id | cl_docket_id | count_num | is_1960 | verified_1960 | source | updated_at |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 992 | money laundering | Roman Sterlingov | charged by complaint | 0 | enrichment | |||||||||
| 994 | money transmission without a license in the District of Columbia | Roman Sterlingov | charged by complaint | 0 | enrichment | |||||||||
| 993 | operating an unlicensed money transmitting business | Roman Sterlingov | charged by complaint | 1 | enrichment | 2026-09-16T19:45:57+00:00 | ||||||||
| 2926 | operating an unlicensed money transmitting business, and money transmission without a license in the District of Columbia | 1 | press | 2026-09-16T19:45:57+00:00 | ||||||||||
| 2927 | unlicensed money transmitting business, and money transmission without a licen | 1 | press | 2026-09-16T19:45:57+00:00 |
| fin_id | action_type | amount | currency | description | asset_type | defendant | status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 384 |
| victim_id | victim_type | description | number_affected | loss_amount | geographic_scope | vulnerability_factors | impact_description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 275 |
| quote_id | quote_text | speaker_name | speaker_title | speaker_organization | quote_type | context | significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1163 | Nicholas L. McQuaid | Acting Assistant Attorney General | Justice Department’s Criminal Division | Announcement of the arrest and charges | Indicates the involvement of high-level officials in the case | ||
| 1164 | Channing D. Phillips | Acting U.S. Attorney | District of Columbia | Announcement of the arrest and charges | Indicates the involvement of high-level officials in the case | ||
| 1165 | Darrell J. Waldon | Acting Special Agent in Charge | IRS-Criminal Investigation | Announcement of the arrest and charges | Indicates the involvement of high-level officials in the case | ||
| 1166 | Steven M. D’Antuono | Assistant Director in Charge | FBI’s Washington Field Office | Announcement of the arrest and charges | Indicates the involvement of high-level officials in the case |
| theme_id | theme_name | description | significance | related_statutes | geographic_scope | temporal_aspects | stakeholders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1269 | Money Laundering | Alleged operation of Bitcoin Fog to launder proceeds from darknet markets, narcotics, fraud, and identity theft. | Central to the charges and demonstrates systemic criminal financial activity. | 18 U.S.C. § 1956, 18 U.S.C. § 1957 | International | Decade-long operation (2011–2021) | Law enforcement, victims of underlying crimes, financial institutions |
| 1270 | Cryptocurrency Mixers | Bitcoin Fog, a long-running darknet cryptocurrency mixer, used to obscure illicit transactions. | Primary tool enabling money laundering and evading law enforcement. | 18 U.S.C. § 1960 | International | Historical (operated since 2011) | Cryptocurrency users, regulators, law enforcement |
| 1271 | Unlicensed Money Transmitting Business | Operation of an unlicensed money transmitting service in violation of U.S. law. | Core charge highlighting regulatory evasion and financial crime. | 18 U.S.C. § 1960 | National | Decade-long operation | Regulatory agencies, law enforcement |
| 1272 | International Cooperation | Collaboration between U.S., Swedish, Romanian, and Europol agencies. | Critical to dismantling cross-border criminal networks. | International | Recent development (arrest and prosecution phase) | International law enforcement agencies, prosecutors | |
| 1273 | Darknet Marketplaces | Source of illicit cryptocurrency tied to narcotics, fraud, and identity theft. | Highlights scale and sources of laundered funds. | 21 U.S.C. § 846, 18 U.S.C. § 1030 | International | Historical (over a decade) | Darknet users, victims of crimes, law enforcement |
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